History
It is necessary to improve self-awareness and personal development among individuals when they are in a group. The ‘Johari’ window model is a convenient method used to achieve this task of understanding and enhancing communication between the members in a group. American psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham developed this model in 1955. The idea was derived as the upshot of the group dynamics in University of California and was later improved by Joseph Luft. The name ‘Johari’ came from joining their first two names. This model is also denoted as feedback/disclosure model of self-awareness.
历史：当个体处于一个群体中时，有必要提高个体的自我意识和个人发展。“乔哈里”视窗模型是一种用于实现理解群体成员并加强他们之间沟通这一任务的便捷方法。美国心理学家约瑟夫·勒夫特（Joseph Luft）和哈里·英厄姆（Harry Ingham）在 1955 年开发了这个模型。这个想法是加利福尼亚大学群体动力学的结果，后来由约瑟夫·勒夫特进行了改进。“乔哈里”这个名字来自于他们两人名字的前两个字母组合。这个模型也被称为自我意识的反馈/披露模型。
Introduction
The Johari window model is used to enhance the individual’s perception on others. This model is based on two ideas- trust can be acquired by revealing information about you to others and learning yourselves from their feedbacks. Each person is represented by the Johari model through four quadrants or window pane. Each four window panes signifies personal information, feelings, motivation and whether that information is known or unknown to oneself or others in four viewpoints.
介绍：乔哈里视窗模型用于增强个体对他人的认知。这个模型基于两个理念——通过向他人透露关于你的信息可以获得信任，并且从他们的反馈中了解自己。每个人都由乔哈里模型通过四个象限或窗格来表示。每个四个窗格代表个人信息、感受、动机，以及这些信息在四个视角下对自己或他人来说是已知还是未知。
The Johari Window Model
The method of conveying and accepting feedback is interpreted in this model. A Johari is represented as a common window with four panes. Two of these panes represent self and the other two represent the part unknown to self but to others. The information transfers from one pane to the other as the result of mutual trust which can be achieved through socializing and the feedback got from other members of the group.
乔哈里视窗模型：这个模型解释了传达和接受反馈的方法。一个乔哈里视窗被表示为一个有四个窗格的普通窗户。其中两个窗格代表自我，另外两个代表自己不知道但他人知道的部分。由于相互信任，信息从一个窗格转移到另一个窗格，这种信任可以通过社交和从群体其他成员那里获得的反馈来实现。
1. Open/self-area or arena – Here the information about the person his attitudes, behaviour, emotions, feelings, skills and views will be known by the person as well as by others. This is mainly the area where all the communications occur and the larger the arena becomes the more effectual and dynamic the relationship will be. ‘Feedback solicitation’ is a process which occurs by understanding and listening to the feedback from another person. Through this way the open area can be increased horizontally decreasing the blind spot. The size of the arena can also be increased downwards and thus by reducing the hidden and unknown areas through revealing one’s feelings to other person.
1. 开放/自我区域或竞技场——在这里，关于一个人的信息，包括他的态度、行为、情绪、感受、技能和观点，将被这个人以及他人所知道。这主要是所有沟通发生的区域，竞技场越大，关系就会越有效和充满活力。“征求反馈”是一个通过理解和听取他人反馈而发生的过程。通过这种方式，可以横向扩大开放区域，减少盲点。竞技场的大小也可以向下扩大，从而通过向他人透露自己的感受来减少隐藏和未知区域。
2. Blind self or blind spot – Information about yourselves that others know in a group but you will be unaware of it. Others may interpret yourselves differently than you expect. The blind spot is reduced for an efficient communication through seeking feedback from others.
2. 盲目自我或盲点——在一个群体中，他人知道但你自己却不知道的关于自己的信息。他人对你的理解可能与你期望的不同。为了有效沟通，通过从他人那里寻求反馈可以减少盲点。
3. Hidden area or façade – Information that is known to you but will be kept unknown from others. This can be any personal information which you feel reluctant to reveal. This includes feelings, past experiences, fears, secrets etc. we keep some of our feelings and information as private as it affects the relationships and thus the hidden area must be reduced by moving the information to the open areas.
3. 隐藏区域或外表——你知道但对他人保密的信息。这可以是任何你不愿意透露的个人信息。这包括感受、过去的经历、恐惧、秘密等。我们将一些感受和信息保密，因为这会影响关系，因此必须通过将信息转移到开放区域来减少隐藏区域。
4. Unknown area – The Information which are unaware to yourselves as well as others. This includes the information, feelings, capabilities, talents etc. This can be due to traumatic past experiences or events which can be unknown for a lifetime. The person will be unaware till he discovers his hidden qualities and capabilities or through observation of others. Open communication is also an effective way to decrease the unknown area and thus to communicate effectively.
4. 未知区域——自己和他人都不知道的信息。这包括信息、感受、能力、才能等。这可能是由于创伤性的过去经历或事件，可能一辈子都不知道。这个人只有在发现自己隐藏的品质和能力时，或者通过他人的观察才会知道。开放的沟通也是减少未知区域从而有效沟通的有效方法。
Example
Linda got a job in an organization. Her co-workers knew a little about her and in this context the unknown and hidden areas will be larger and the open area will be small. As the others don’t know much about her the blind spot also will be smaller and the model will be as shown in Figure 1.
例子：琳达在一家组织中找到了一份工作。她的同事对她了解甚少，在这种情况下，未知和隐藏区域会更大，开放区域会很小。由于其他人对她了解不多，盲点也会较小，模型如图 1 所示。
Linda spent most of her free time sketching in the office which was her preferred pastime and her co-workers found her very shy and elusive. With that evaluation she got the idea how she was and tried to be more talkative and interacted more with other co-workers. This helped her to increase her open area and thus making the hidden and unknown areas smaller. (Figure 2)
琳达大部分空闲时间都在办公室画画，这是她喜欢的消遣方式，她的同事觉得她很害羞且难以捉摸。通过这种评价，她了解了自己是怎样的人，并试图更加健谈，与其他同事更多地互动。这帮助她扩大了开放区域，从而使隐藏和未知区域变小。（图 2）
Through the feedback Linda got from her co-workers she could perform well in the office and her real capacity could be obtained as a result of an effective interaction among the colleagues.
通过从同事那里得到的反馈，琳达在办公室表现出色，由于同事之间的有效互动，她的真正能力得以展现。
Related Posts:
• Poole's Model - Small Group Communication • SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY • Transactional Model of Communication • Fisher's Model - Small Group Communication • Multi-Step Flow Theory of Communication • Knapp’s Relationship Model#acknowledge